NAME
udp —
Internet User Datagram
Protocol
SYNOPSIS
#include
<sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
int
socket(AF_INET,
SOCK_DGRAM,
0);
DESCRIPTION
UDP is a simple, unreliable datagram protocol which is used to
support the SOCK_DGRAM abstraction for the Internet
protocol family. UDP sockets are connectionless, and are normally used with
the sendto and
recvfrom calls, though the
connect(2) or connectx(2) call may also be used to fix the destination for
future packets (in which case the
recv(2) or
read(2) and
send(2) or
write(2)
system calls may be used).
UDP address formats are identical to those used by TCP. In particular UDP provides a port identifier in addition to the normal Internet address format. Note that the UDP port space is separate from the TCP port space (i.e. a UDP port may not be “connected” to a TCP port). In addition broadcast packets may be sent (assuming the underlying network supports this) by using a reserved “broadcast address”; this address is network interface dependent.
Options at the IP transport level may be used with UDP; see ip(4).
Using sendmsg(2) with IP_PKTINFO as ancillary data
with a non NULL interface index or a local address can remove the local IP
address that was assigned by a previous call to
bind(2) and
leave the UDP socket in an unbound state with
INADDR_ANY as the local address.
DIAGNOSTICS
A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:
- [
EISCONN] - when trying to establish a connection on a socket which already has one, or when trying to send a datagram with the destination address specified and the socket is already connected;
- [
ENOTCONN] - when trying to send a datagram, but no destination address is specified, and the socket hasn't been connected;
- [
ENOBUFS] - when the system runs out of memory for an internal data structure;
- [
EADDRINUSE] - when an attempt is made to create a socket with a port which has already been allocated;
- [
EADDRNOTAVAIL] - when an attempt is made to create a socket with a network address for which no network interface exists.
SEE ALSO
bind(2), connect(2), connectx(2), getsockopt(2), recv(2), send(2), sendmsg(2), socket(2), inet(4), intro(4), ip(4)
HISTORY
The udp protocol appeared in
4.2BSD.